FAA Part 107 Remote Pilot Certification Course Study Guide

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to FAA Part 107

2. Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)

3. Waivers and Authorization for Drone Operations

4. Regulations and Operating Rules

5. Airspace Classification

6. Weather and Micrometeorology

7. Drone Performance and Loading

8. Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Communication

9. Airport Operations

10. Emergency Procedures

11. Maintenance and Pre-flight Inspections

12. Night Operations and Advanced Scenarios

13. Practice Questions and Answers

14. Practice Exam

15. Test Results

1. Introduction to FAA Part 107

Overview

Part 107 of the FAA regulations governs the commercial use of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS). It sets the rules for flying drones for business purposes and ensures the safe integration of drones into the national airspace system.

Key Points:

• Scope: Part 107 applies to all commercial drone operations.

• Definitions:

  • sUAS: Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems.

  • RPIC: Remote Pilot in Command, responsible for the safe operation of the drone.

Certification Requirements

To become a certified Remote Pilot under Part 107, you must meet specific requirements.

Key Points:

• Age and Language Proficiency: Must be at least 16 years old and able to read, speak, write, and understand English.

• Aeronautical Knowledge Test: Pass the FAA Part 107 knowledge test covering various topics like regulations, airspace, weather, and operations.

• TSA Background Check: Pass a background check by the Transportation Security Administration (TSA).

Certificate Maintenance

Maintaining your Remote Pilot Certificate involves recurrent training and keeping records.

Key Points:

• Recurrent Training: Complete recurrent training every 24 months.

• Record-Keeping: Maintain records of flight operations, maintenance, and training.

2. Visual Line of Sight (VLOS)

Key Points:

• Maintaining VLOS ensures the operator can see and control the drone without relying on cameras or other aids, improving safety and situational awareness.

• Key factors for VLOS operations include regulatory compliance, obstacle avoidance, weather considerations, and proper training to enhance safe and effective drone flights.

3. Waivers and AUthorization for Drone Operations

Key Points:

• Drone operators may need waivers or authorizations to conduct operations beyond standard Part 107 regulations, such as flying BVLOS, over people, at night, or in controlled airspace.

• Applicants must demonstrate safety measures, risk mitigation strategies, and compliance with FAA requirements to obtain and maintain these approvals.

4. Regulations and Operating Rules

Operating Limitations

Understand the operational limitations set by Part 107 to ensure safety and compliance.

Key Points:

• Maximum Altitude: 400 feet above ground level (AGL).

• Maximum Ground Speed: 87 knots (100 mph).

• Minimum Visibility: 3 statute miles.

Operational Rules

Part 107 outlines specific rules for drone operations to maintain safety.

Key Points:

• Visual Line of Sight (VLOS): The drone must be within the visual line of sight of the remote pilot or a visual observer.

• Daylight Operations: Operations must be conducted during daylight hours or civil twilight with appropriate lighting.

• No Operations Over People: Drones cannot fly over people not directly involved in the operation without a waiver.

• Right of Way: Drones must yield right of way to all manned aircraft.

5. Airspace Classification

Airspace Classes

Understanding airspace classification is critical for compliance with Part 107.

Key Points:

• Class A: 18,000 feet MSL and above, not typically relevant for drones.

• Class B: Surrounds major airports, requires ATC authorization.

• Class C: Regional airports with control towers, requires ATC authorization.

• Class D: Smaller airports with control towers, requires ATC authorization.

• Class E: Controlled airspace not classified as A, B, C, or D; authorization required in some cases.

• Class G: Uncontrolled airspace, ideal for sUAS operations without needing ATC authorization.

Special Use Airspace

Special use airspace has additional restrictions and requirements.

Key Points:

• Prohibited Areas: No flight operations allowed.

• Restricted Areas: Operations allowed with specific permissions.

• Warning Areas: Caution advised due to potential hazards.

• MOAs: Military Operations Areas, exercise caution.

• CFAs: Controlled Firing Areas, typically not depicted on charts.

Tools for Airspace Awareness

Utilize tools and resources to stay informed about airspace classifications and restrictions.

Key Points:

• Sectional Charts: Visual representations of airspace classifications.

• B4UFLY App: Provides real-time information about airspace and restrictions.

• NOTAMs: Notices to Airmen about temporary flight restrictions or hazards.

6. Weather and Micrometeorology

Weather Reports and Forecasts

Accurate weather information is crucial for safe drone operations.

Key Points:

• METARs: Current weather conditions at airports.

• TAFs: Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts providing weather predictions for specific airports.

Weather Phenomena

Different weather phenomena can significantly impact drone operations.

Key Points:

• Microbursts: Sudden, severe downdrafts that can cause loss of control.

• Fog: Reduces visibility, making it difficult to maintain VLOS.

• Wind Shear: Sudden changes in wind speed and direction that can affect stability.

Impact of Weather on Drone Operations

Understanding how weather affects drone performance helps in planning safe flights.

Key Points:

• Wind: High winds can reduce control and battery life.

• Temperature: Extreme temperatures can affect battery efficiency.

• Humidity: High humidity can lead to condensation on sensors and electronics.

7. Drone Performance and Loading

Weight and Balance

Proper weight and balance are critical for stable and safe flight.

Key Points:

• Maximum Takeoff Weight: Ensure the total weight does not exceed the drone’s limit.

• Center of Gravity: Keep the center of gravity within manufacturer specifications for stable flight.

• Payload Management: Understand how different payloads affect performance.

Battery Management

Effective battery management ensures longer and safer flights.

Key Points:

• Battery Health: Regularly check for damage or wear.

• Charging Practices: Follow manufacturer guidelines for charging to maintain battery life.

• Temperature Effects: Be aware of how temperature affects battery efficiency and performance.

Performance Factors

Various factors affect drone performance and must be accounted for during flight planning.

Key Points:

• Altitude: Higher altitudes have thinner air, reducing lift and efficiency.

• Thrust-to-Weight Ratio: Essential for maintaining control and maneuverability.

• Environmental Conditions: Understand how wind, humidity, and temperature impact performance.

8. Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Communication

Principles of CRM

CRM ensures effective use of all available resources for safe operations.

Key Points:

• Effective Communication: Clear and concise communication among team members.

• Situational Awareness: Constantly monitor the environment and drone status.

• Decision-Making: Structured approach to making informed decisions.

Communication Protocols

Effective communication is critical for safe and coordinated drone operations.

Key Points:

• Radio Communication: Standard procedures and terminology for clear communication.

• Visual Observers: Use of VOs to help maintain situational awareness and compliance.

Team Coordination

Coordinating with a team enhances safety and efficiency.

Key Points:

• Roles and Responsibilities: Clearly define and understand each team member’s role.

• Conflict Resolution: Techniques for resolving conflicts quickly and effectively.

• Briefings and Debriefings: Conduct pre-flight and post-flight briefings to discuss objectives and outcomes.

9. Airport Operations

Understanding Airport Environments

Knowing the layout and operations of airports is crucial for safe drone flights near them.

Key Points:

• Airport Layout: Familiarize yourself with runway and taxiway markings.

• Controlled vs. Uncontrolled Airports: Differences in operations and communication requirements.

Operational Procedures Near Airports

Follow specific procedures to ensure safety and compliance when operating near airports.

Key Points:

• Pre-Flight Planning: Check airspace classifications and obtain necessary authorizations.

• Communication with ATC: Know how and when to communicate with air traffic control.

• Avoiding Runway Incursions: Understand and follow procedures to avoid entering active runways.

Using NOTAMs

NOTAMs provide critical information about temporary changes and restrictions in airspace.

Key Points:

• Reading NOTAMs: Learn to interpret and apply information from NOTAMs.

• Importance of Checking NOTAMs: Always check for NOTAMs before flights to avoid restricted or hazardous areas.

10. Emergency Procedures

Handling In-Flight Emergencies

Be prepared to handle various in-flight emergencies to ensure safety.

Key Points:

• Loss of GPS Signal: Know how to switch to manual control and land safely.

• Fly-Aways: Procedures for attempting to regain control and safe landing.

• Battery Failures: Steps to take if battery power is low or fails.

Emergency Landing Procedures

Knowing how to execute an emergency landing is crucial.

Key Points:

• Identifying Safe Zones: Quickly identify safe landing areas during an emergency.

• Communicating During Emergencies: Inform team members and ATC if necessary.

• Post-Emergency Actions: Inspect the drone for damage and report incidents as required.

Post-Incident Reporting

Proper reporting of incidents ensures compliance and helps improve safety.

Key Points:

• FAA Reporting Requirements: Know when and how to report incidents to the FAA.

• Documentation: Keep detailed records of the incident and actions taken.

11. Maintenance and Pre-flight Inspections

Routine Maintenance

Regular maintenance keeps the drone in optimal working condition.

Key Points:

• Manufacturer’s Maintenance Schedules: Follow recommended schedules for inspections and maintenance.

• Maintenance Logs: Keep detailed records of all maintenance activities.

Pre-flight Inspection Checklist

A thorough pre-flight inspection helps identify potential issues before flight.

Key Points:

• Structural Integrity: Check for any physical damage or wear.

• Battery Health: Ensure batteries are charged and in good condition.

• Firmware Updates: Verify that the latest firmware is installed and functioning.

Post-flight Procedures

Post-flight inspections and procedures help maintain drone health.

Key Points:

• Inspect for Damage: Check for any damage incurred during flight.

• Recording Flight Data: Keep detailed logs of flight data and any issues encountered.

12. Night Operations and Advanced Scenarios

Night Operations

Night operations require additional precautions and equipment.

Key Points:

• Anti-Collision Lighting: Required for night operations to ensure visibility.

• Best Practices: Conduct practice flights during daylight and use visual observers.

Advanced Flight Scenarios

Be prepared for complex flight scenarios that require advanced planning and risk assessment.

Key Points:

• Urban Environments: Understand the challenges and risks of flying in densely populated areas.

• Rural and Wilderness Areas: Consider wildlife and terrain when planning flights.

Risk Assessment and Mitigation

Conducting thorough risk assessments ensures safe operations.

Key Points:

• Identifying Risks: Assess potential risks for each flight scenario.

• Implementing Safety Measures: Develop and implement strategies to mitigate identified risks.

13. Practice Questions and Answers

Regulations and Operating Rules

1. What is the maximum altitude allowed for drone operations under Part 107?

   • Answer: 400 feet AGL

2. True or False: Part 107 permits the operation of drones over moving vehicles without a waiver.

   • Answer: False

Airspace Classification

11. Which airspace requires ATC authorization for drone operations under Part 107?

    • Answer: Class B, Class C, Class D

Weather and Micrometeorology

21. What does METAR stand for in aviation weather reports?

    • Answer: Meteorological Aerodrome Reports

Drone Performance and Loading

27. How does high altitude affect drone performance?

    • Answer: Decreases rotor efficiency due to thinner air

Crew Resource Management (CRM) and Communication

31. What is the primary goal of Crew Resource Management (CRM) in drone operations?

    • Answer: To ensure effective communication and decision-making among crew members

Airport Operations

37. What is the purpose of NOTAMs (Notices to Airmen) for drone pilots?

    • Answer: To inform about temporary changes or conditions at airports like construction or temporary airspace restrictions

Emergency Procedures

43. What should a drone pilot do immediately if they lose GPS signal during flight?

    • Answer: Land the drone as soon as safely possible

Maintenance and Pre-flight Inspections

49. What is the primary purpose of conducting a pre-flight inspection for a drone?

    • Answer: To check for any physical damage or missing parts

Night Operations and Advanced Scenarios

1. What is a requirement for conducting night operations under Part 107 without a waiver?

   • Answer: The drone must be equipped with an anti-collision light visible for at least 3 statute miles.

14. Practice Exam

• Let’s Goooooo!

15: Test Results - Final Discussion

• Discussion on next steps post-certification

• Schedule your FAA Part 107 Exam 

• Best of Luck to You!

Conclusion

This comprehensive study guide covers the fundamental topics necessary for passing the FAA Part 107 Remote Pilot Certification exam and for safely operating drones in various conditions. Each section should be studied in detail, using additional resources such as FAA publications, manufacturer manuals, and practical flight experience to deepen your understanding.